To make sure you have a clear understanding of what is expected, the type of research study we are performing download and read this document. Read through the Project Overview PDF Download Project O
Spring 2022 PSYC 3304 & 3104, Research Project Overview Worksheet Research Project Overview Worksheet: Points Possible : 25 pts Due Date : Feb . 04 , 2022 at 11:59pm Instructions : First, read through the Project Overview PDF. The n answer the questions below . 1. In three sentences or less, explain the difference between experimental and correlational research. Experimental research is strictly scientific by having a hypothesis, variables that are measured, manipulated and compared. With the data collected they are able to support their original hypothesis versus correlation research is non-experimental and the variables are studies by the relationship with the help of statistical research. 2. Is the research study for this class an experimental or correlational study? Correlational 3. Using your answer for #2, explain the rationale for this choice in three sentences or less. I went with correlation because we are working on relationships between between trait and demographic variables. 4. What type of claim will be possible to make with the results from the research project? a.Association b. Frequency c. Causal 5. When reporting the results of the research project, we will be using an APA-style report. Name all the components of an APA-style research report/paper. 6. What grammatical voice should be used to write the APA-style report? 7. What grammatical person-perspective should be used to write the APA-style report? 8. APA style citation requires paraphrasing and restricts direct quotes to very special circumstances. Paraphrasing involves writing source material from into your own words. It differs from summarizing, in that paraphrasing keeps the meaning of the original text while changing the phrasing and words of the original text. The paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage even though it takes a broad segment of the source and condenses it. Don’t forget paraphrased material must be attributed to the original source. To practice paraphrasing, read the following passage and paraphrase the information. 9. What is the reliability statistic for Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale? a. Source Passage: Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From “Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,” Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348. b. Paraphrased Passage: 10. What is the citation the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21?
To make sure you have a clear understanding of what is expected, the type of research study we are performing download and read this document. Read through the Project Overview PDF Download Project O
1 Research Project Overview The project components and final paper represents 30% (300 points) of the final course grade. To make sure you have a clear understanding of what is expected, the type of research study we are performing download and read this document . When you have read through the project overview information, you will need to complete the Research Project Overv iew Worksheet. This class research project is a correlational research study that requires students to collect survey responses online. You will select three variables of interests (one of which will be a demographic variable) . Then u sing the questionnaire s provided by the professor, you will gather data with Qualtrics surveys. determine your research topic and formulate three hypotheses for your project. Based on the topic of interest, you will: • Review relevant peer -reviewed experimental research article s, • Create hypotheses, and annotated bibliography, • Construct a research introduction , • Recruit 5 participants to complete the online survey, • Interpret the analyzed data collected from the class, and • Write a research report using the American Psychological Association (APA) style. Trait variables will be assessed with the listed questionnaires. Trait Variable s Questionnaire/Scale/Index/Test Source Self -esteem Rosenberg Self -Esteem Scale (p. 6) Rosenberg, 1989 Optimism Revised Life Orientation Test (p. 7) Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994 Resilience Brief Resilience Scale (p. 8) Smith et al., 2008 Sleep disturbance Sleep Disturbance Form 8b (p. 9) PROMIS, 2016; Yu et al., 2011 Depression DASS -21 (pp. 10 -11) Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 Anxiety DASS -21 (pp. 10 -11) Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 Stress DASS -21 (pp. 10 -11) Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 Demographic variables will be collected with the questionnaire at the information: • Age • Gender (male, female, trans, gender non -conforming or non -binary ) • Smoking status (smoker or non -smoker) 2 Copies of the questionnaires to evaluate the trait and demographic variables are included in pages 7 to 12 of this document. Required Format and Style • You should write your study/proposal in your own words . • Do NOT plagiarize and d o not use quotes from other papers . Instead of using quotes, you may paraphrase. o APA style citation requires paraphrasing and restricts direct quotes to very special circumstances. Paraphrasing invo lves writing source material from into your own words. It differs from summarizing, in that paraphrasing keeps the meaning of the original text while changing the phrasing and words of the original text. The paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage even though it takes a broad segment of the source and condenses it. Don’t forget paraphrased material must be attributed to the original source . To practice paraphrasing , read the following passage and paraphrase the information. • Your d ocuments must be typed, double -spaced with 1 -inch margins and typed using 12 – point Times New Roman font. Do not submit a hand -written version. • All articles/references that you include in your proposal must be properly cited (both in text and in the Refere nces section) using the latest version (7 th edition) of APA style. • Page limits: • Introduction section should be 1.5 -2 full pages . • Methods section should be • Results section should be 1 – 1.5 pages • Discussion section should be 1.75 to 2.5 full pages . • Abstract section should be 300 words • Use complete sentences and check your grammar, punctuation, spelling, and word usage. • Instead of look at or see , use conduct , examine , study , assess , observe , measure , count , etc. • Use because or as instead of since . U se since only when referring to time (meaning “after”). • Limit the use of while to its temporal meaning (i.e., events that occur simultaneously). Consider using although , even though , whereas , etc. • Points will be deducted if your paper does not adhere to the required format/style. 3 The information presented below is an overview of the project. See the content posted under the Canvas Modules for the details, specific instructions, any changes to the project or schedule, etc. Research Assignments/Components/Activities and Due Dates: Due Date Project Assignments/Components/Activities Points Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Friday, 02/04/22 Submit Research Project Overview Workshee t and Start Data Collection 25 Week 5 Friday, 02/11/22 Submit Hypotheses and Annotated Bibliography Worksheet 25 Week 6 Friday, 02/18/22 Submit Introduction Section 25 Week 7 Friday, 02/25/22 Submit Data Collection 25 Week 8 Work on Methods Write Up and Participants Subsection Week 9 Friday, 03/18/22 Submit Methods Write Up with the Participants Subsection 25 Week 10 Work on Results and Discussion Sections Weeks 11 Friday, 04/01/22 Submit Results and Discussion Sections 25 Week 12 Work on Abstract, Final Paper , and Response to Feedback Week 13 Friday, 04/ 15 /22 Submit Abstract 25 Week 14 Work on Final Paper and Response to Feedback Week 15 Friday, 04/29/22 Submit Final Research Paper and Response to Feedback 150 4 Research Assignment s Schedule : Week 4: Research Project Overview • Submit the Research Project Overview Worksheet • Start recruiting participants for your project by sending them the anonymous survey link: • Start worki ng on the Hypotheses and Annotated Bibliography Worksheet Week 5: Hypotheses and Annotated Bibliography • Submit the Hypotheses and Annotated Bibliography Worksheet • Start working on Data Collection o Recruit 5 participants for this project by having them anonymous complete the surveys found in this link: https://utpbcomm.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9TwysEP1 bYbHnM2 o You are NOT allowed to take the online survey, as you are the researcher of this study. o You will need to have collected data from at least 5 participants by Friday, 02/25/22. o You can ask your friends, your family, and/or others to participate. Part icipants must be at least 18 years old . o The goal is to acquire high quality data so, please ask people whom you believe will answer the survey questions honestly and thoughtfully. o If you are not sure whether everyone you have asked would complete the onlin e survey (which can result in deduction in your data collection points), you can ask more than 5 people to participate. • Start working on your Research Paper Introduction Week 6: Research Introduction • Submit your Research Paper Introduction . o Do not use direct quotes in the Introduction. o Instead, you can paraphrase. ▪ What is paraphrasing : APA style citation requires paraphrasing and restricts direct quotes to very special circumstances. Paraphrasing involves writing source material from into your own words. It differs from summarizing, in that paraphrasing keeps the meaning of the original text while changing the phrasing and words of the original text. The paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage even though it takes a broad segment of the source and condenses it. Don’t forget paraphrased material must be attributed to the original source. • Continue working on Data Collection • Start working on Methods Write Up with the Participants Subsection Weeks 7: Data Collection 5 • Submit on Data Collection • Continue working on the Methods Write Up with the Participants Subsection Weeks 8: Methods Section • Continue working on the Methods Write Up with the Participants Subsection • Start revising your Introduction using my feedback and log your revisio ns in the Response to Feedback document. Weeks 9: Methods Section • Submit the Methods Section • Start writing your Results and Discussion section • Continue revising your Introduction using my feedback and log your revision s in the Response to Feedback document . Week 10 : Results and Discussion Sections • Submit the Results and Discussion section • Finish revising your Introduction using my feedback and log your revision s in the Response to Feedback document. • Start working on your Final Research Paper . Week 11 : Results and Discussion Sections • Submit the Results and Discussion Section • Start writing your Abstract • Start revising your Methods section using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback document. Weeks 12 : Abstract • Submit your Abstract • Finish revising your Methods section using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback document. • Start revising your Results and Discussion section using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback document. • Start writing your Final Re search Paper . Weeks 13 : Final Paper and Response to Feedback Sections • Continue revising your Results and Discussion section using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback document. • Start writing your Final Research Paper . 6 Week 14 : Response to Feedback Sections • Continue writing your Final Research Paper . • Finish revising your Introduction using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback do cument. • Finish revising your Methods section using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback document. • Finish revising your Results and Discussion section using my feedback and log your revisions i n the Response to Feedback docume nt. Week 15 : Final Paper • Submit your Final Research Paper . • Submit your Response to Feedback document. Project Questionnaires 7 Project Questionnaires Rosenberg Self -Esteem Scale (RSES) Below is a list of statements dealing with your general feelings about yourself. Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with each statement. 1. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 2. At times I think I am no good at all. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 3. I feel that I have a number of good qualities. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 4. I am able to do things as well as most other people. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 5. I feel I do not have much to be proud of. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 6. I certainly feel useless at times. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 7. I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 8. I wish I could have more respect for myself. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 9. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree 10. I take a positive attitude toward myself. Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: Rosenberg (1989) Project Questionnaires 8 Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT -R) Using the scale below as a guide, indicate how much you agree with each statement below. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 0 1 2 3 4 _________ 1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. _________ 2. It’s easy for me to relax. _________ 3. If something can go wrong for me it will. _________ 4 . I am always optimistic about my future. _________ 5. I enjoy my friends a lot. _________ 6. It’s important for me to keep busy. _________ 7. I hardly ever expect things to go my way. _________ 8. I don’t get upset too easily. _________ 9. I rarely count on good things happening to me. _________ 10. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. Source: Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, (1994) Project Questionnaires 9 Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Please indicate the extent to which you agree with each o f the following statements by using the following scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree. Please respond to each item by marking one number per row. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 1 I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times 1 2 3 4 5 2 I have a hard time making it through stressful events 1 2 3 4 5 3 It does not take me long to recover from a stressful event 1 2 3 4 5 4 It is hard for me to snap back when something bad happens 1 2 3 4 5 5 I usually come through difficult times with little trouble 1 2 3 4 5 6 I tend to take a long time to get over set -backs in my life 1 2 3 4 5 Source: Smith et al. (2008) Project Questionnaires 10 Sleep Disturbance – Short Form 8b (SD -8b) Please respond to each item by marking one box per row. In the past 7 days… Not at all A little bit Somewhat Quite a bit Very much 1 My sleep was restless 1 2 3 4 5 2 I was satisfied with my sleep 1 2 3 4 5 3 My sleep was refreshing 1 2 3 4 5 4 I had difficulty falling asleep 1 2 3 4 5 In the past 7 days… Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always 5 I had trouble staying asleep 1 2 3 4 5 6 I had trouble sleeping 1 2 3 4 5 7 I got enough sleep 1 2 3 4 5 In the past 7 days… Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very good 8 My sleep quality was 1 2 3 4 5 Source: PROMIS (2016) Project Questionnaires 11 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS -21) Please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 that indicates how much the statement apply to you in general. There are no right or wrong answers. Do not spend too much time on any statement. The rating scale is as follows: 0 Did not apply to me at all 1 Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time 2 Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time 3 Applied to me very much, or most of the time 1. I found it hard to wind down 0 1 2 3 2. I was aware of dryness of my mouth 0 1 2 3 3. I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all 0 1 2 3 4. I experienced breathing difficulty (e.g., excessively rapid breathing, breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion) 0 1 2 3 5. I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things 0 1 2 3 6. I tended to over -react to situations 0 1 2 3 7. I experienced trembling (e.g., in the hands) 0 1 2 3 8. I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy 0 1 2 3 9. I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself 0 1 2 3 10. I felt that I had nothing to look forward to 0 1 2 3 11. I found myself getting agitated 0 1 2 3 12. I found it difficult to relax 0 1 2 3 13. I felt down -hearted and blue 0 1 2 3 14. I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what I was doing 0 1 2 3 15. I felt I was close to panic 0 1 2 3 Project Questionnaires 12 16. I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything 0 1 2 3 17. I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person 0 1 2 3 18. I felt that I was rather touchy 0 1 2 3 19. I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion (e.g., sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat) 0 1 2 3 20. I felt scared without any good reason 0 1 2 3 21. I felt that life was meaningless 0 1 2 3 Source: Lovibond & Lovibond (1995) Project Questionnaires 13 Demographic Questionnaire Below are a series of demographic questions. Please answer them as accurately as you can. Be assured that information provided is confidential. 1. Do you smoke? (If you smoke, please indicate how many cigarettes you smoke per day) □ Yes: _____________ □ No 2. What is your age? ________ __ years 3. Gender: □ Male □ Female □ Trans □ Gender Non -conforming or Non -Binary 4. What is your ethnicity? □ White/ Caucasian (non -Hispanic) □ Blac k/African American □ Hispanic /Latino(a) □ Asian /Pacific Islanders □ Native American □ Biracial/Multiracial: ____________________________ □ Other: ____________________________ Project Questionnaires 14 Proj ect Variables, Citations , and Reliability Self -esteem: Questionnaire : Rosenberg Self -Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989). Reliability : Cronbach’s alpha ranges from .88 to .90 (Gray -Little, Williams, & Hancock, 1997; Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). Citations : • Gray -Little, B., Williams, V. L., & Hancock, T. D. (1997). An item response theory analysis of the Rosenberg Self -Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 23 (5), 443 -451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297235001 • Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global selfesteem: Construct validation of a single -item measure and the Rose nberg Self -Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 27 (2), 151 -161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272002 • Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self -image (rev. ed.). Wesleyan University Press. Optimism: Questionnaire : Re vised Life Orientation Test (LOT -R; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994). Reliability : Cronbach’s alpha ranges from .78 to .84 (Crewell et al., 2005; Scheier et al., 1994). Citations : • Creswell, J. D., Welch, W. T., Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Gruenewald, T. L., & Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of Personal Values Buffers Neuroendocrine and Psychological Stress Responses. Psychological Science , 16 (11), 846 -851. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467 -9280.2005.01624.x • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. ( 1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self -mastery, and self -esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 (6), 1063 -1078. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022 -3514.67.6.1063 Resilience: Questionnaire : Brief Resilience Scale (BRS; Smith et al., 2008). Reliability : Cronbach’s alpha ranges from .80 to .91 (Breslow et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2008). Citations : • Breslow, A. S., Brewster, M. E., Velez, B. L., Wong, S., Geiger, E., & Soderstrom, B. (2015). Resilience and collective action: Exploring buffers against minority stress for transgender individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity , 2(3), 253 -265. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000117 • Smith, B. W., Dale n, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 15 (3), 194 -200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972 Sleep: Quest ionnaire : Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8b (SD -8b; PROMIS, 2016). Project Questionnaires 15 Reliability : Measured using the ratio between the true score and observed score; this reliability ratio for SD -8b is .90 (Yu et al., 2011). Citations : • PROMIS. (2016, May 3). PROMIS short form v1.0 – Sleep Disturbance 8b . Retrieved from http://www.healthmeasures.net/explore -measurement -systems/promis • Yu, L., Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Moul, D. E., Stover, A., Dodds, N. E., . . . Pilkonis, P. A. (2011). Development of short forms from the PROMISTM sleep disturbance and sleeprelated impairment item banks. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 10 (1), 6 -24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2012.636266 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: Questionnaire : These three vari ables are subscales of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS -21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Reliability (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995): • Depression: Cronbach’s alpha = .91 • Anxiety: Cronbach’s alpha =.81 • Distress: Cronbach’s alpha =.89 Citation : • Lo vibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 33 (3), 335 -343. https://doi.org /10.1016/0005 -7967(94)00075 -U Demographic s (Age, Gender, and Smoking Status): Questionnaire : A basic demographic questionnaire was used to collect information on participants’ smoking status, age, gender, and ethnicity. Reliability : You don’t need to report the reliability for the demographic questionnaire.